摘要《重审造物主》
Outline of “The Case for a Creator”
李.史特博，《重审造物主》的作者，记者，热衷于寻找事实和真相。他年轻时曾经是一个坚定的无神论者。婚后五年，他的妻子成为基督徒，她的生命改变开始挑战史特博的无神论信仰，他无法将妻子的生命变化与他的无神论观点联系起来。于是，他决定通过对科学证据的全面探索，以一个无神论者寻找真理的方式，搞明白上帝是否真的存在。在他对真相的探索之旅中，他与相关的哲学家和科学家交往。
Lee Strobel, the author of “the Case for a Creator”, is a journalist, who is keen to look for facts and seek truth. He used to be a solid atheist when he was young. Five years later after he married, his wife was converted to be a Christian and her life change challenged Strobel’s atheist belief. He could not harmonize his wife ‘s life change with his atheist standing point. Hence, he decided to find out by himself whether God exists by a comprehensive exploration on the scientific evidences, an atheist’s way of looking for the truth. In his truth-finding journey, he engaged with philosophers and scientists who were the masters of relevant topics.
1. 反面证据
NEGATIVE EVIDENCES
首先，史特博审查了负面证据。其中一个证据就是斯坦利.米勒（Stanley Miller）的“生命起源”实验。 该实验假定甲烷、氨、氢和水蒸气是地球最早阶段存在的四种元素，生命由这四个元素而产生。但是，生物学家乔纳森.威尔斯（Jonathan Wells）肯定地说，今天的流行观点不是这四种元素，而是包括二氧化碳、氮气、火山水蒸气等在内的其他因素。即使米勒的假设是正确的，由这四种元素形成的分子也不能确保生命形成的必要性。 因此，米勒的实验想要证明生命起源理论是不现实的。今天许多科学家已经得出结论。
Firstly, Strobel examined the negative evidences. One of these evidences is Stanley Miller’s ‘origin of life’ experiment. It assumes that methane, ammonia, hydrogen, water vapor were the four elements existing in the earliest phase of the earth, in which life was initiated. But, Jonathan Wells, a biologist, affirms that the prevailing view today is not these four but other elements including carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor that came out of volcano. Even if Miller’s assumption was correct, the molecules formed by these four elements does not secure the necessity of life formation. Therefore, the theory that Miller’s experiment intended to prove is unrealistic. This has been concluded by many scientists today.
另一个负面证据是达尔文的“生命之树”的致命弱点。这“树”说明了达尔文的假设，即所有生物都是经过了很长一段时间的微小步骤，从同一个祖先进化而来。但是，过去半个世纪出版的大多数生物学教科书都给出了相反的结论，即不存在共同的生命起源。对达尔文理论的进一步否定是化石记录。如果达尔文的理论是正确的，那么岩石应该揭示出巨大的生命多样性。然而，这不是事实。相反，在中国南方发现的寒武纪大爆炸告诉我们，同一时期可能会出现生命的多样性。 威尔斯声称，支持达尔文理论的证据在世界范围内的化石发现中都没有出现过。
The other negative evidence is the fatal weakness of Darwin’s ‘tree of life.’ This ‘tree’ illustrates Darwin’s assumption that all living creatures were evolved from the same ancestor in small, gradual steps through enormous period of time. But, most biological textbooks published in the last half century give an opposite conclusion that common origin of lives do not exist. What further damages Darwin’s theory is the fossil record? If Darwin’s theory was true, the rocks should have revealed huge diversity of life. But, it is not the reality. Instead, the Cambrian explosion discovered in South China tells us that the diversity of life may emerge during the same period. Wells asserts that Darwin’s theory is not seen anywhere in the world of fossil evidence.
最近，来自著名大学的600多位科学家签署了一份名为“达尔文主义的科学异议”的文件。该文件强调，科学家们“对随机变异和自然选择能力导致复杂生命的主张表示怀疑。 学术界应该对达尔文理论之证据的研究保持谨慎的态度。”所有这些证据都在说服史特博，达尔文主义只是一种盲目的信仰，没有充分的理由相信它。
Recently, more than 600 scientists from famous universities signed a document called “A Scientific Dissent from Darwinism.” It was highlighted in this document that the scientists “are skeptical of claims for the ability of random mutation and natural selection to account for the complexity of life. Careful examination of the evidence for Darwinian theory should be encouraged.” All these evidences convince Strobel that Darwinism is merely a blind faith with no good reason to believe.
2. 正面证据
POSITIVE EVIDENCES
a. 天文学证据
The evidence of cosmology
这是关于宇宙如何开始以及它的来源是什么的问题。威廉.克雷格（William L. Craig），一位著名的哲学家，向史特博介绍了从古希腊到现代的关于这个问题的流行观点，即宇宙是永恒的。然而，当爱因斯坦写下他那著名的“场方程式”时，这种观点受到了挑战。根据爱因斯坦的方程式，一位比利时科学家预测了宇宙的膨胀。不久之后，哈勃使用他那著名的望远镜证明了宇宙真的正在膨胀。这一发现揭示了这样一个事实，即宇宙有一个起源，一个“奇点”，一个具有无限密度的点。
This is the question about how the universe began and what the source of it is. William L. Craig, a known philosopher, introduces the prevailing view of it from ancient Greek to the modern age is that the universe is eternal. But this view was challenged when Einstein wrote his famous formula of ‘field equations’. Based on Einstein’s equation, a Belgian scientist predicted the expansion of the universe. Not long after, using his famous telescope, Hubble proved that the cosmos is truly expanding. This discovery reveals the truth that the universe has an origin, a ‘singularity,’ a point with infinite density.
关于宇宙膨胀的第二个发现是背景辐射的存在，即“大爆炸”的残余物质。每个结果都必须有其原因，同样，宇宙的存在也必有它的原因。这个原因指向超越时空的超然超自然力量或人的存在，祂从无到有地创造了宇宙。今天，许多物理学家和宇宙学家都对超自然的存在深信不疑。
The second discovery about the cosmological expansion is the existence of background radiation, the remnant substance of the ‘Big Bang’. Every result must have its cause(s). Likewise, the result that the universe began to exist must have its cause, and this cause points to the existence of a transcendent supernatural power or person beyond space and time, who created the universe out of nothing. Today, many physicians and cosmologists are convinced by the existence of the supernatural.
b. 物理学证据
The evidence of physics
罗宾.柯林斯（Robin Collins）是一位资深的物理学哲学家。他向史特博介绍了生命存在所需的多个（至少30个）物理定律。例如，如果没有重力就不会形成行星；如果没有强大的核力就不会存在原子或化学物质；如果不存在电子，化学物质就不会被束缚在一起；如果光不存在，则没有生命存在，等等。这些基本物理定律的精确性对于生命的存在也同样重要。例如，重力必须在一定的精确公式上才能使生命成为可能（公式为F = Gm1 * m2 / r2），并且在这个公式中改变一个微小的常数必定导致无法产生生命。
Robin Collins, a sophisticated philosopher of physics, introduces the multiple (at least thirty) laws of physics that are required for the existence of life. For instance, planets will not be formed if there is no gravity, atoms or chemicals will not exist if there is no strong nuclear force, chemicals will not be bound together if electron does not exist, and there will be no life if light does not exist. The precision of these fundamental physical laws is also equally important for the existence of life. For example, the force of gravity must be on a certain precise formula so that life can be possible, (The formula is that F=Gm1*m2/r2), and to change even a tiny constant figure in this formula will cause the absolutely the non-existence of life.
另一个明显的证据是宇宙常数。物理学哲学家杰伊.理查兹（Jay Richards）介绍了宇宙常数的设计是智慧的产物。宇宙常数描述了宇宙膨胀的速度。如果这个速度变化一点点，星系、恒星和行星将不存在。宇宙膨胀的速度精确到了10的52次方分之一，而在原子层面，如果强核力减少10的30次方分之一，宇宙中剩下的唯一化学物质就是氢。因此，一些物理学家们由此想象出了多个宇宙的可能性。通过假设我们的宇宙是众多宇宙中的一个，他们试图为宇宙常数的奇妙精确性提供原因。无论是单个宇宙还是多个宇宙，我们都无法绕过基本问题，即宇宙的创造背后存在一位有智慧的创造者，这位创造者必须超越空间和时间的任何约束。
The other obvious evidence is cosmological constant. Jay Richards, another philosopher of physics, introduces how intelligent the design of cosmological constant is. The cosmological constant describes the speed of the expansion of the universe. If this speed changes a little bit, the galaxies, stars, and planets won’t exist. The precision of universal expansion is down to the level of 1/1×10^52. On atomic level, if the strong nuclear force was reduced by 1/1×10^30, the only chemical left in universe would have been Hydrogen. Inferentially, some physicians therefore imagined the possibility of multiple universes. By assuming that our universe is one of many universes, they attempt to give the cause for the marvelous precision of the cosmological constant. Whether it is a single universe or multiple universes, we cannot bypass the basic question, that is, there is an intelligent creator of the universe or the universes, and this creator must be beyond any constraints of space and time.
c. 地球学证据
The evidence of the earth
美国宇航局的天体生物学家吉列尔莫.冈萨雷斯（Guillermo Gonzalez）致力于在其他星球上寻找外星生命的存在。他制定了一个支持生命存在的行星标准，并列出了生命存在所必需的二十个元素，如氧气、液态水、土地等。他得出结论，这样一个行星存在的可能性只有10的14次方分之一。我们的星球在整个宇宙中都是罕见的。
Guillermo Gonzalez, an astrobiologist of NASA, is dedicated to find life forms on other planets. He researched the criteria for a planet to support the existence of life and listed twenty elements for life existence, such as oxygen, liquid water, land, etc. He concludes that the chance of the existence of such a planet is as small as 1 / 1 x 1014. Our planet is rare in the entire universe.
有人问了进一步的问题，我们为什么能够观察宇宙呢？为什么宇宙对科学家来说如此开放呢？冈萨雷斯认为，这是因为宇宙是为我们人类设计的。许多证据支持这一论点。例如，维持生命的透明大气层使我们能够观察到外太空；地球、月亮和太阳的大小和相对距离，使得日食成为可能，这为科学家提供了收集宇宙学数据的机会；地球在银河系中的位置使我们能够观察星系和宇宙的其他部分。宇宙的设计者是故意这样做的，因为祂希望我们观察祂的创造。
Questions were further asked: why are we able to observe the universe? Why the universe is so open to the scientists to study? Gonzalez argues that this is because the universe is designed for us to discover. Many evidences support this argument. For example, the ‘life-sustaining transparent atmosphere’ allows us to observe the outer space, and the ‘size and relative distance of earth, moon, and sun’ makes solar eclipse possible that provides chance for scientists to collect cosmological data, and the ‘earth’s location in the galaxy’ grants us to observe the galaxy and the rest of the cosmos. Strobel is convinced that the designer of the universe did these on purpose, because He wants us to observe His creation.
d. 生物机器理论所提供的证据
The evidence of biological machines
生物化学家迈克尔.贝荷（Michael J. Behe）向史特博介绍了另一个强有力的证据。这个证据告诉我们，这个世界包括我们在内是智力设计而非进化的结果。这个证据既是生物机器的发现。当贝荷凝视着细菌鞭毛的插图时，他立刻意识到细胞是由智慧设计的生物机器。生物机器是不可能进化的，所以达尔文主义是无法被接受。甚至达尔文本人也承认了这一点。他曾说：“如果可以证明存在任何复杂的器官，而这器官是不可能通过多次连续的微小进化而形成的，那么我的理论就绝对不成立”——《物种起源》。
Michael J. Behe, a biochemist, introduces another strong evidence that tells our world including ourselves are the result of intellectual design rather than evolution – the discovery of biological machines. When Behe gazed at the illustration of the bacterial flagellum, he immediately recognized that a cell is a biological machine designed by an intellectual being. Biological machines are impossible to be evolved, and thus Darwinism can not stand. Even Darwin himself admitted the same – “if it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down” (The Origin of Life).
e. 生物信息学的证据
The evidence of biological information
最后，科学哲学家斯蒂芬.迈耶（Stephen C. Meyer）介绍说，DNA分子的复杂性挑战了所有的进化理论，直接指向了世界创造者的存在。在廿世纪50年代，生物学家发现DNA是四个字符的数字代码通用信息的载体。谁在DNA中编码了信息呢？DNA来自哪里？这些问题都不能被进化论所回答，而是指向一位创造者的存在。
Finally, Stephen C. Meyer, a philosopher of science, introduces that the complexity of DNA molecule challenges all theories of evolution and directly pointing to the existence of a Creator of the world. In 1950’s, biologists discovered that DNA is the carrier of generic information of four-character digital code. Who coded the information in DNA? Where does DNA come from? None of such questions can be answered by Evolutionism but point to a creator.
3. 结论
CONCLUSION
根据这些证据，史特博得出的结论是“科学比历史上任何时候都更直接指向一位造物主，科学家们告诉我这位造物主是存在的”，并且“通过科学，我们找到上帝。”他完全相信了有这样一位创造主的存在！
Based on these evidences, Strobel concludes that “science is more directly pointing to the Creator than anytime else in the history, and scientists tell me it exists,” and “by doing science, we find God.” He is completely convinced that there is a creator for this world!
让我们引用一节圣经经文来回应和感谢史特博的细致调查研究：“诸天述说神的荣耀，穹苍传扬他的手段。这日到那日发出言语。这夜到那夜传出知识。无言无语，也无声音可听。他的量带通遍天下，他的言语传到地极”（诗篇19:1-4）。
Let’s quote a biblical verse to respond and appreciate Strobel’s careful research. “The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands. Day after day they pour forth speech. Night after night they proclaim knowledge. Their voice goes out into all the earth, their words to the end of the world” (Psalm 19:1-4).
